Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high in nigeria, ranking among the highest in the world and the rate of reducing these deaths have been. In this article, we take a close look at the causes and determinants of maternal mortality in nigeria. The country is also the second largest contributor to maternal mortality worldwide, after india. An assessment of policies and programs for reducing maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Between 2000 and 2017, the maternal mortality ratio mmr, number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births dropped by about 38% worldwide. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to india whose population is eight times larger than that of nigeria.
The measured maternal mortality rate is increasing the pregnancyrelated mortality ratio has increased but is now relatively stable disparities are persistent, and some causes of death may be increasing there are hints that efforts to improve identification have resulted in misclassification what is the extent of the false positives. Maternal mortality rate in nigeria still high today. Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the world who. By comparison, the total number of maternal deaths in 2015 in the 46 most developed countries was 1700, resulting in a maternal mortality ratio of 12 maternal deaths per 100. Medical experts have described as worrisome the recent figure released by international agencies which put nigerias maternal mortality rate at 58,000 in 2015. According to the world bank estimates, nigerias maternal mortality rate, mmr is still as high as 821 per 100,000 live births. The top medical causes of maternal mortality in nigeria are. Nigerias estimated annual 40,000 maternal deaths account for about 14% of the global total. Having targets for mortality reduction is important, but accurate measurement of maternal mortality remains challenging and many deaths still.
Public health strategies to prevent maternal mortality in nigeria the prevention of maternal mortality and consequent improvement in the maternal health of nigerian women is an allencompassing task, which though tedious. List of countries by maternal mortality ratio wikipedia. This brief presents factors contributing to infant and maternal death and provides statelevel solutions and policy options. Mcsp aims to contribute to a reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality and increase. To address the high maternal mortality rates, minister of health, professor isaac adewole in july 2017 inaugurated a 34member task force to accelerate reduction of maternal mortality in nigeria. Infant mortality currently stands at 69 per 1,000 live births while for underfives it rises to 128 per 1,000 live births.
High maternal mortality in jigawa state, northern nigeria estimated. Like in most countries in the developing world, maternal mortality rate in nigeria is on the increase. Every day in 2017, approximately 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. The use of sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality ratio in lagos state, nigeria. In conclusion, the rates of maternal and infant mortality in nigeria are high and at an unprecedented height. Nigeria institute for health metrics and evaluation. To enable monitoring of the achievement of the goals, this report presents internationally comparable global, regional and countrylevel estimates and trends for maternal mortality between 2000 and 2017. Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. Nigeria fights high maternal mortality through improved. With a currently estimated maternal mortality ratio of 814 per 100,000 live births,1 nigeria has one of the highest ratios of maternal mortality in the world. Prevalence and risk factors for maternal mortality in. Experts agree that the risk of stillbirth or death due to intrapartumrelated complication can be reduced by about 20 percent. Measuring and monitoring progress towards millennium development goals mdg 4 and 5 requires valid and reliable estimates of maternal and neonatal mortality.
Determinantscauses of maternal mortality in nigeria. Maternal mortality ratio deaths100,000 live births is reportedly highest in africa, followed by asia, oceania, latin america and the caribbean, and the developed countries. At the country level, nigeria and india are estimated to account for. Unfortunately, these experiences are very rare for many nigerian women. Experts react to nigerias high maternal mortality rate. Factors responsible for maternal mortality are mainly cultural and systemic.
World health statistics 2017 has been compiled primarily using. This is a pressing concern for the nation, and various efforts have being geared towards combating the challenge, but all remain inconclusive. In 2017, maternal mortality ratio for nigeria was 917 deaths per 100,000 live births. Nigeria mnch country summary, march 2017 country selected demographic and health indicators for country. Nhpsp national health policies, strategies and plans. Nigeria is second only to india in terms of the number of maternal deaths it experiences, and along with five other countriesindia, pakistan, the democratic republic of the congo, china and ethiopianigeria is part of a group which makes up more than 50 percent of the maternal mortalities that occur in the world the maternal mortality rate mmr in nigeria. A series of important events and changesphysical, emotional, and. Since its inception in 1995, the multiple indicator cluster surveys, known as mics, has become the largest source of statistically sound and internationally comparable data on women and children worldwide. Causes of maternal deaths in northern nigeria research cyber. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria.
Understanding maternal morbidity and mortality mmm in the context of the health of women. They face a lifetime risk of maternal death of 1 in compared to 1 in 31 for subsaharan africa as a whole. Maternal mortality ratio of nigeria fell gradually from 1,220 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1998 to 917 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017. Nigeria accounts for a huge chunk of the maternal mortality rate globally. Estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, number of maternal deaths, and lifetime risk, by world bank group region and income group, 2015. Ghana 2017 maternal health survey key findings sr251. In south africa, there are conflicting reports on the estimates of maternal and neonatal mortality, derived from both direct and indirect estimation techniques. These values are still unacceptably high and drastic measures need to be taken to ensure this. The maternal mortality ratio, on the other hand, is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
The maternal mortality ratio mmr stands at 576 per 100,000 live births demographic and health survey 20. Pdf maternal mortality in a nigerian teaching hospital a. Who, unicef, unfpa, world bank group and the united nations population division. Worldwide, the number of years that a newborn is expected to live, if current. Maternal mortality remains a major public health issue in developing countries, particularly those in subsaharan africa, and is one of the key indicators of the millennium development goals. Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease ckd epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or nonexistent in many. Recent estimates by the world health organization indicate that not only did the country not achieve goal5 of the millennium development goals that sought to reduce maternal mortality ratio by 75% by 2015, but it also. One critical strategy for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality is ensuring that every baby is delivered with the assistance of a skilled birth attendant which generally includes a medical doctor, nurse or midwife. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births nigeria who, unicef, unfpa, world bank group, and the united nations population division. Global worry over nigerias low rating in maternal health. Levels and determinants of maternal mortality in northern and. Also provided are examples of how states are using data to identify opportunities for evidencebased interventions and policies that help reduce u.
The maternal mortality ratio in nigeria has steadily declined over the past 25 years. Mcspnigerias maternal, newborn and child health mnch program. Average annual rate of mmr reduction between 1990 and 2015 %5. To put it differently, nigeria has 2 per cent of the worlds population but 10 per cent of the worlds maternal mortality. This paper focuses on cogent issues affecting maternal mortality by unpacking its. Despite this progress, the world still fell far short of the millennium development goals target of a 75% reduction in the global mmr by 2015. Recent estimates by the world health organization indicate that not only did the country not achieve goal5 of the millennium development goals that sought to reduce maternal mortality ratio by. Furthermore, we make recommendations towards reducing the presently high maternal mortality rate experienced in the country. Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the. The maternal mortality ratio is used as a criterion for the quality of medical care in a country. Countries by maternal mortality ratio in the year 2017. Trends in maternal and neonatal mortality in south africa. The most recent estimate of the maternal mortality ratio mmr in nigeria was 545100,000 live births in 2008. As of 2015, the maternal mortality rate in nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births.
Maternal health covers the health of women during the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods. Trends in estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. Maternal mortality highlights large inequalities between and within countries. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing. Maternal mortality centers for disease control and. Maternal mortality in 20002017 world health organization. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among nonaids deaths in women ages 1549, fertility, birth attendants, and gdp. Nigeria s estimated annual 40,000 maternal deaths account for about 14% of the global total. Heres how tech is helping to reduce maternal deaths cnn. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. Estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births.
Maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. According to the world health organization, this was the second highest number of annual maternal deaths in the world in 2010 and 14% of all maternal deaths globally. Nigeria maternal mortality rate 19902020 macrotrends. Latest figures show a maternal mortality rate of 576 per 100,000 live births, the fourth highest on earth. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancyrelated death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many nations of the world, especially in the african countries of the subsaharan regions caused by factors which include a low level of socioeconomic development. The sustainable development goals and maternal mortality. Using incentives to reduce maternal mortality in nigeria. Causes of maternal deaths as a percentage of total. Between 1990 and 2015, the global maternal mortality ratio mmr decreased by 44%, from 385 to 216 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. United nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigerias maternal mortality rate has risen to 10 percent where about 111. In 2015, nigeria s estimated maternal mortality ratio was over 800 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, with approximately 58 000 maternal deaths during that year. Compared with developed countries, africa cumulates many physical, economic, social, and psychological handicaps, especially in its rural areas.
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 19902017. According to the world health organization, this was the second highest number of annual maternal deaths in the world in. The national maternal mortality ratio has remained elevated despite efforts to. The death of a woman during pregnancy, at delivery, or soon after delivery is a tragedy for her family and for society as a whole. The mdg 5a does not appear to have been successful in nigeria.
Currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and accounts for 14% of the global maternal mortality rate. Nigeria contributes 10% to worlds maternal mortality unfpa. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000. Cgs implementation manual, revised edition, ossapmdgs, 2012.
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